Advancing Bio-Jet Fuel Production Through Catalytic Innovation and Biorefinery System Optimization

Abstract

This study critically evaluates the landscape of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production from biomass, with a focus on the optimization of key conversion processes including hydroprocessing, thermochemical conversion, and catalytic conversion. The study underscores the persistent challenges in SAF production such as high costs, feedstock limitations, and the necessity for robust catalytic systems. It delves into the pivotal role of catalysis, emphasizing advancements in catalyst design—exploring materials like bifunctional catalysts, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and hierarchical structures to enhance catalytic efficacy, selectivity, and durability. A detailed examination of catalyst deactivation mechanisms and regeneration strategies is also provided, highlighting their significance for sustained performance and economic feasibility. Optimization strategies, including response surface methodology, genetic algorithms, and process intensification, are discussed to address these challenges, aiming at improving yield, reducing energy consumption, and minimizing waste. The integration of renewable energy into the biofuel production cycle is analyzed as a means to lessen fossil fuel dependency. The paper advocates for future research directions towards hybrid systems that combine thermochemical and biochemical approaches, potentially leading to higher efficiency, lower costs, and reduced environmental impacts. The study emphasizes the importance of developing scalable, cost-effective catalytic solutions to ensure the commercial viability of SAFs, particularly in the aviation sector where demand for high-energy-density fuels is critical. Through these optimizations, the review proposes pathways that not only make biofuels more competitive against traditional fuels but also contribute significantly to global sustainability objectives, thereby reshaping the future of the energy sector.